Flower and hand picture response

1.) (flower) 

In the picture, there is an interesting mix of colors on the flower's petals. A few things could have happens to this flower. One option is that an aa pair allele was made during pollination and the white stripes are a recessive trait. Another option is that it is a mutation in theDNA that   caused the mixing of color.  Also, the flower could have been a result of cross breeding such as in Mendel's experiments with the pea plants.The last option is that the white stripes are a "jumping gene" and occurred randomly or responded to environmental changes. 

2.) (hand) 

In this picture, their is a human hand, obviously mutated because it has eight disgusts instead of five.  What happened was while the hand was developing, a mutation occurred in the sonic hedgehog gene. This gene sequence can be found in all limbed animals. The sonic hedgehog gene, when controlled, will mutate a mirror image of itself on the organisms limb. Here, the mirror image is not so similar, showing there was a mutating during the embryonic stage. 

Inner fish chapter 3!!! Handy dandy

Notes!!! 

Main concepts:

- all cells have the same DNA

- genes turn on and off

- hedgehog = mutates one side

- sonic hedgehog = mutates and forms a mirror image 

- all limbed animals have this sequence 

- inner fish = simulate biological tools that form bodily structures 

- connection = run deep ( DNA deep) 

Glowing DNA, oh my!!

(Absent) 

We recorded data from our bacteria experiment by testing them under a black light. The bacteria tested positive it they glowed a bright color, negative if they did not. 

We also reviewed the enzymes: 

-helicase 

-DNA polymerase III

-DNA polymerase I 

-RNA primase 

-ligase 

DNA day and bacteria partaaayyyy!

Today in class we reviewed concepts covered in Survival of the Fittest chapter six. We even took whiteboard notes: 

Main concepts: 

-mutations cause by viruses

- inject their own DNA into another's 

- jumping genes

- Junk DNA and how it was probably used in evolution 

- it also probably was originally a virus that we now have a beneficial relationship with 

- vaccines are less server versions of a virus 

- allows our immune system to produce antibodies specifically for that virus before we get infected

- flu is hard to control because it mutates easily

Then we did a lab in class. 

This lab will show how bacteria react to Pglo and antibiotics that we add to its environment and DNA. 

       ^ a picture of our two different bacteria

      ^these are the original bacteria colonies 

    ^ we are heat shocking the bacteria so none of the genetic material escape from the bacteria cell after we insert the Pglo

     ^ these are the bacteria before we put them in their labels dishes 

      ^here we are spreading our DNA so we can space out the individual bacteria 

     ^ then we let them grow !!!!

Ch.6 survival of the fittest

Notes!!!! 

DNA day!!!

Today in class we took a short quiz on Journey of Man video we watched the last two periods of class. Then we reviewed the concepts covered in the video podcast on the structure of DNA. 

The we created our own DNA strands using paper and tape. We had to show the hydrogen bonds(connect nitrogen bases) and the phosphodister bonds(connect sugar to phosphate. We also had to label the nucleotides(phosphate +sugar+nitrogen base) . 

        ^here is our DNA strand  !!! 

Then at the very end of class, we cut a random hydrogen base and they is where we will be adding new nucleotides for an experiment later.

From traits to atoms questions

1.) Mendel's famous breeding experiments among pea plants gave physical proof for dominant and recessive traits. By cross- breeding different pea plants, he noted which traits tended to be mor popular among the "offspring" and which traits were less popular. He also realized the the recessive traits never disappear. He also clearly showed that traits were received from the parents to the offspring 

2.) James D. Watson and Francis Crick gave the idea of the shape of DNA. DNA has a double helix shape. This shape is created by two strands of polymers connected by the bonding is chemical bases( adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine) 

3.) 

- substitution- one base is incorrectly added to a strand 

Example: sickle- cell anemia 

- deletion- a nucleotide is skipped during replication 

Example: cystitis fibrosis  

- duplication- region of the chromosome is repeated 

Example: creates some cancers 

- insertion- extra nucleotide is inserted during replication 

Example: one form of beta- thalassemia 

- inversion- a region of the chromosome is flipped 

Example: Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome

4.) evo-devo is short for evolution development study in biology. Scientists briars in this field of biology compare the developmental process of different living things to find out their ancestral relationship. 

5.) the ability to digest milk is controlled by the lactase gene, and is usually only active during the nursing phase. However, some adults have the ability to digest milk due to a mutation in the lactase gene. This mutation can be traced back to the early migrations of man. In certain areas of the globe, early humans may have been more dependent on the milk of animals to survive, therefore; the mutation happened to increase the chance of survival.