From traits to atoms questions

1.) Mendel's famous breeding experiments among pea plants gave physical proof for dominant and recessive traits. By cross- breeding different pea plants, he noted which traits tended to be mor popular among the "offspring" and which traits were less popular. He also realized the the recessive traits never disappear. He also clearly showed that traits were received from the parents to the offspring 

2.) James D. Watson and Francis Crick gave the idea of the shape of DNA. DNA has a double helix shape. This shape is created by two strands of polymers connected by the bonding is chemical bases( adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine) 

3.) 

- substitution- one base is incorrectly added to a strand 

Example: sickle- cell anemia 

- deletion- a nucleotide is skipped during replication 

Example: cystitis fibrosis  

- duplication- region of the chromosome is repeated 

Example: creates some cancers 

- insertion- extra nucleotide is inserted during replication 

Example: one form of beta- thalassemia 

- inversion- a region of the chromosome is flipped 

Example: Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome

4.) evo-devo is short for evolution development study in biology. Scientists briars in this field of biology compare the developmental process of different living things to find out their ancestral relationship. 

5.) the ability to digest milk is controlled by the lactase gene, and is usually only active during the nursing phase. However, some adults have the ability to digest milk due to a mutation in the lactase gene. This mutation can be traced back to the early migrations of man. In certain areas of the globe, early humans may have been more dependent on the milk of animals to survive, therefore; the mutation happened to increase the chance of survival.