Epinephrine Podcast

https://soundcloud.com/freshoutthebox-3/epinephrine-podcast-2014

 

 

Epinephrine, more commonly known as adrenaline, is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It is involved in the Sympathetic nervous system, which is part of the autonomic system. This system is in control of the “fight or flight” reaction our bodies experience under stress or danger. Epinephrine is released from the adrenal gland above the kidneys. The adrenal gland is composed of two parts: the cortex and the medulla. The cortex releases the hormones needed to live such as cortisol, which regulates your metabolism. The medullas is where epinephrine is produced along with other nonessential hormones. However, the word “nonessential” doesn’t mean that epinephrine isn’t useful. When released into the blood stream and across a neuronal synapse, you can experience a boost of oxygen and glucose, suppression of digestive system, dilation of pupils, restriction of certain arteries, and increase in heart rate. The receptors that translate this reaction are mainly found in the skeletal muscle blood vessels and liver cells. Epinephrine is controlled by a positive feedback loop which means that production is increased when there is a disturbance in the system. Epinephrine is not fat – soluble but is water – soluble. This fact allows the hormone to be carried in the blood stream. This whole reaction is regulated by the central nervous system that regulates the synthesis of epinephrine.


Works Cited:
 Rehan, Kelly.An Overview of Adrenal Glands: Beyond Fight or Flight. endocrineweb. 2014. web. 22 Feb. 2014.  http://www.endocrineweb.com/endocrinology/overview-adrenal-glands

worldofmolecules.com. The Epinephrine Molecule. Wikipedia. 2014. Web. 22 Feb. 2014. http://www.worldofmolecules.com/drugs/adrenaline.htm

Wikipedia.org. Epinephrine.  Wikipedia. 2014. Web. 22 Feb. 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine

Yeast Lab

Yeast Lab

 

 

Abstract: In this experiment, we tested how different amounts of sugar will effect cell respiration in yeast when its mixed with warm water. To test the amount of change, we  placed the reaction in a closed chamber and used a syringe record how much air was produced. This experiment proved that the more sugar you have, the more oxygen is produced.

 

Introduction: Cell Respiration is a process in which mitochondria create ATP or convert food into energy for us to use. It does this through three different steps: 1.) Glycolosis 2.) Krebs Cycle

3.) Electron Transport Chain. At the very end of this processs, H2O, ATP, and CO2 are produced. In this experiment, we test how the amount of sugar changes the amount of CO2 produced.

 

 

Hypothesis: If you increase the amount of sugar in a cell respiration reaction in yeast, then the reaction will produce more CO2 because it hase more sugar to convert into energy.

 

 

Materials:

- Syringe

- Yeast

- Sugar

- Salt

- Beaker

- Graduated Cylinder

- Warm Water

- Tube

- Test Tube

- Plug with hole for tube

 

Procedure:

1.) carefully measure salt, and yeast

2.) place in test tube

3.) decide what amounts of sugar you want in each test tube

4.) add to other dry materials

5.) Lable

6.) add warm water and led it sit without a plug for five minutes

7.) put plug on

8.) record data every minute for five minutes

9.) record data and observe

10.) clean up

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conclusion: 

In this experiment, we tested the how the amount of sugar placed in a cell respiration reaction in yeast. The data we collected supports my hypothesis. Just like in my hypothesis, the larger amount of sugar that was in the system, the more CO2 is produced. An explanation for this is that multiple enzyme driven reactions in the three different steps of cell respiration produces CO2. Thus, the more sugar you have to react with, the more CO2 you will produce. Eventually, the yeast system will run out of sugar and cell respiration will stop. Some sources of error are that some people might measure out the wrong amount of sugar or yeast. One might also forget to heat up the water to allow the reaction to become more active before they start to record their data. also, people might have added water to certian test tubes before the others, allowing them to start cell respiration before the others. this will corrupt the data because the time they all start the process was not controlled.

 

 

 

 

 

Forensics and body organs week one!!!

Last week was a lot of fun because we got to become "crime scene investigators" and list cause of death, the organs affected, and scenario.  This helped me get a sense of what it is like to apply science to real-life situations. Also, it helped me remember where organs were in the body because it used vocabulary from the PowerPoints and the worksheet. 

Recently, I found an article that gives background on forensics and the scientific methods used (particularly molecular technologies) . It also gives controversial problems such as how DNA samples could be easily contaminated due to the small sample size and where they are found. Even with these problems, developing of technologies to aid this science should continue because the smallest hair from a dog or a slight trace of fruits or plants can tie a suspect to a crime and provide sufficient enough evidence for true justice.

Here is the article : http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1641/b580604?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Forensics&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicResults%3FQuery%3DForensics%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bacc%3Don